FORM S-1

IV. Roll-up Transactions

If the securities to be registered on this Form will be issued in a roll-up transaction as defined in Item 901(c) of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.901(c)), attention is directed to the requirements of Form S-4 applicable to roll-up transactions, including, but not limited to, General Instruction I.

V. Registration of Additional Securities

With respect to the registration of additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, the registrant may file a registration statement consisting only of the following: the facing page; a statement that the contents of the earlier registration statement, identified by file number, are incorporated by reference; required opinions, consents, and filing fee-related information; the signature page; and any price-related information omitted from the earlier registration statement in reliance on Rule 430A that the registrant chooses to include in the new registration statement. The information contained in such a Rule 462(b) registration statement shall be deemed to be a part of the earlier registration statement as of the date of effectiveness of the Rule 462(b) registration statement. Any opinion or consent required in the Rule 462(b) registration statement may be incorporated by reference from the earlier registration statement with respect to the offering, if: (i) such opinion or consent expressly provides for such incorporation; and (ii) such opinion relates to the securities registered pursuant to Rule 462(b). See Rule 439(b) under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.439(b)).

VI. Offerings of Asset-Backed Securities

The following applies if a registration statement on this Form S-1 is being used to register an offering of asset-backed securities. Terms used in this General Instruction VI. have the same meaning as in Item 1101 of Regulation AB (17 CFR 229.1101).

A. Items that may be Omitted.

Such registrants may omit the information called for by Item 11, Information with Respect to the Registrant.

B. Substitute Information to be Included.

In addition to the Items that are otherwise required by this Form, the registrant must furnish in the prospectus the information required by Items 1102 through 1120 of Regulation AB (17 CFR 229.1102 through 229.1120).

C. Signatures.

The registration statement must be signed by the depositor, the depositor's principal executive officer or officers, principal financial officer and controller or principal accounting officer, and by at least a majority of the depositor's board of directors or persons performing similar functions.

VII. Eligibility to Use Incorporation by Reference

If a registrant meets the following requirements in paragraphs A-F immediately prior to the time of filing a registration statement on this Form, it may elect to provide information required by Items 3 through 11 of this Form in accordance with Item 11A and Item 12 of this Form. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the financial statements, incorporating by reference or cross-referencing to information outside of the financial statements is not permitted unless otherwise specifically permitted or required by the Commission's rules or by U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles or International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, whichever is applicable.

A. The registrant is subject to the requirement to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act").

B. The registrant has filed all reports and other materials required to be filed by Sections 13(a), 14, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports and materials).

C. The registrant has filed an annual report required under Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act for its most recently completed fiscal year.

D. The registrant is not:

1. And during the past three years neither the registrant nor any of its predecessors was:
   1. A blank check company as defined in Rule 419(a)(2) (§230.419(a)(2));
   2. A shell company, other than a business combination related shell company, each as defined in Rule 405 (§230.405); or
   3. A registrant for an offering of penny stock as defined in Rule 3a51-1 of the Exchange Act (§240.3a51-1 of this chapter).
2. Registering an offering that effectuates a business combination transaction as defined in Rule 165(f)(1) (§230.165(f)(1) of this chapter).

E. If a registrant is a successor registrant it shall be deemed to have satisfied conditions A., B., C., and D.2 above if:

1. Its predecessor and it, taken together, do so, provided that the succession was primarily for the purpose of changing the state of incorporation of the predecessor or forming a holding company and that the assets and liabilities of the successor at the time of succession were substantially the same as those of the predecessor; or
2. All predecessors met the conditions at the time of succession and the registrant has continued to do so since the succession.

F. The registrant makes its periodic and current reports filed pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference pursuant to Item 11A or Item 12 of this Form readily available and accessible on a Web site maintained by or for the registrant and containing information about the registrant.

VIII. Offering by a Special Purpose Acquisition Company

If a registration statement on this Form S-1 is being used to register an offering of securities of a special purpose acquisition company, as defined in Item 1601(b) of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.1601(b)), other than in connection with a de-SPAC transaction, as defined in Item 1601(a) of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.1601(a)), the registrant must furnish in the prospectus the information required by Items 1602 and 1603 of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.1602 and 229.1603), in the manner set forth by the structured data provision of Item 1610 of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.1610), in addition to the Items that are otherwise required by this Form. If the securities to be registered on this Form will be issued in a de-SPAC transaction, the requirements of Form S-4 applicable to de-SPAC transactions apply to this Form, including, but not limited to, Item 17 and General Instruction L.

Item 11. Information with Respect to the Registrant.

Furnish the following information with respect to the registrant:

1. Information required by Item 101 of Regulation S-K (§229.101 of this chapter), description of business;
2. Information required by Item 102 of Regulation S-K (§229.102 of this chapter), description of property;
3. Information required by Item 103 of Regulation S-K (§229.103 of this chapter), legal proceedings;
4. Where common equity securities are being offered, information required by Item 201 of Regulation S-K (§229.201 of this chapter), market price of and dividends on the registrant's common equity and related stockholder matters;
5. Financial statements meeting the requirements of Regulation S-X (17 CFR Part 210) (Schedules required under Regulation S-X shall be filed as "Financial Statement Schedules" pursuant to Item 15, Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules, of this Form), as well as any financial information required by Rule 3-05 and Article 11 of Regulation S-X. A smaller reporting company may provide the information in Rule 8-04 and 8-05 of Regulation S-X in lieu of the financial information required by Rule 3-05 and Article 11 of Regulation S-X;
6. Information required by Item 301 of Regulation S-K (§229.301 of this chapter), selected financial data;
7. Information required by Item 302 of Regulation S-K (§229.302 of this chapter), supplementary financial information;
8. Information required by Item 303 of Regulation S-K (§229.303 of this chapter), management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations;
9. Information required by Item 304 of Regulation S-K (§229.304 of this chapter), changes in and disagreements with accountants on accounting and financial disclosure;
10. Information required by Item 305 of Regulation S-K (§229.305 of this chapter), quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk;
11. Information required by Item 401 of Regulation S-K (§229.401 of this chapter), directors and executive officers;
12. Information required by Item 402 of Regulation S-K (§229.402 of this chapter), executive compensation, and information required by paragraph (e)(4) of Item 407 of Regulation S-K (§229.407 of this chapter), corporate governance;

13. Information required by Item 403 of Regulation S-K (§229.403 of this chapter), security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management; and
14. Information required by Item 404 of Regulation S-K (§229.404 of this chapter), transactions with related persons, promoters and certain control persons, and Item 407(a) of Regulation S-K (§229.407(a) of this chapter), corporate governance.

Item 11A. Material Changes.

If the registrant elects to incorporate information by reference pursuant to General Instruction VII., describe any and all material changes in the registrant's affairs which have occurred since the end of the latest fiscal year for which audited financial statements were included in the latest Form 10-K and that have not been described in a Form 10-Q or Form 8-K filed under the Exchange Act.

Item 12. Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.

If the registrant elects to incorporate information by reference pursuant to General Instruction VII.:

1. It must specifically incorporate by reference into the prospectus contained in the registration statement the following documents by means of a statement to that effect in the prospectus listing all such documents:
   1. The registrant's latest annual report on Form 10-K filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that contains financial statements for the registrant's latest fiscal year for which a Form 10-K was required to have been filed; and
   2. All other reports filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or proxy or information statements filed pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act since the end of the fiscal year covered by the annual report referred to in paragraph (a)(1) above.

Note to Item 12(a). Attention is directed to Rule 439 (§230.439) regarding consent to use of material incorporated by reference.

2. In addition to the incorporation by reference permitted pursuant to paragraph (a) of this Item, a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 405 (17 CFR 230.405), may elect to incorporate by reference information filed after the effective date of the registration statement. A smaller reporting company making this election must state in the prospectus contained in the registration statement that all documents subsequently filed by the registrant pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, prior to the termination of the offering shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into the prospectus.
3. (1) The registrant must state:
   1. That it will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, a copy of any or all of the reports or documents that have been

incorporated by reference in the prospectus contained in the registration statement but not delivered with the prospectus;

2. That it will provide these reports or documents upon written or oral request;
3. That it will provide these reports or documents at no cost to the requester;
4. The name, address, telephone number, and e-mail address, if any, to which the request for these reports or documents must be made; and
5. The registrant's Web site address, including the uniform resource locator (URL) where the incorporated reports and other documents may be accessed.

Note to Item 12(c)(1). If the registrant sends any of the information that is incorporated by reference in the prospectus contained in the registration statement to security holders, it also must send any exhibits that are specifically incorporated by reference in that information.

(2) The registrant must:

1. Identify the reports and other information that it files with the SEC; and
2. State that the SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC and state the address of that site (http://www.sec.gov).

Item 12A. Disclosure of Commission Position on Indemnification for Securities Act Liabilities.

Furnish the information required by Item 510 of Regulation S-K (§229.510 of this chapter).

(b) Furnish the financial statement schedules required by Regulation S-X (17 CFR Part 210) and Item 11(e) of this Form. These schedules shall be lettered or numbered in the manner described for exhibits in paragraph (a).

(c) Furnish the following information, in substantially the tabular form indicated, as to each type and class of securities being registered in the manner required by Item 601(b)(107) of Regulation S-K.

1. General Requirements.

A. Applicable Table Requirements.

The "X" designation indicates the information required to be disclosed, as applicable, in tabular format. Add as many rows of each table as necessary.

B. Security Types.

i. For securities that are initially being registered, choose a security type permitted to be registered on this form from the following list of security types to respond to the applicable table requirement:

1. Asset-Backed Securities;
2. Debt;
3. Debt Convertible into Equity;
4. Equity;
5. Exchange-Traded Vehicle Securities;
6. Face Amount Certificates;
7. Limited Partnership Interests;
8. Mortgage Backed Securities;
9. Non-Convertible Debt;
10. Other; and
11. Unallocated (Universal) Shelf.

ii. When a table requires both security type and title of each class of securities, choose a security type from the list in Instruction 1.B.i and provide this information for each unique combination of security type and title of each class of securities. For example, it would be appropriate to provide the following on separate lines of Table 1:

Equity        Class A Preferred Shares
Equity        Class B Preferred Shares

C. Fee Rate.

For the current fee rate, see https://www.sec.gov/ofm/Article/feeamt.html.

D. Explanations.

If not otherwise explained in response to these instructions, disclose specific details relating to the fee calculation as necessary to clarify the information presented in each table, including references to the provisions of Rule 457 (§230.457 of this chapter) and any other rule being relied upon. All disclosure these Instructions require that is not specifically required to be presented in tabular format must appear in narrative format immediately after the table(s) to which it corresponds.

2. Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities Table and Related Disclosure.

A. Newly Registered Securities.

For securities that are initially being registered on this form, provide the following information.

i. Fees to Be Paid and Fees Previously Paid.

a. Fees to Be Paid.

Provide the information Table 1 requires under the heading "Newly Registered Securities" for the line item "Fees to Be Paid" for securities to be registered for which filing fees have not already been paid in connection with the initial filing of this form or a pre-effective amendment.

b. Fees Previously Paid.

Provide the information Table 1 requires under the heading "Newly Registered Securities" for the line item "Fees Previously Paid" for securities to be registered for which filing fees have already been paid in connection with the initial filing of this form or a pre-effective amendment.

ii. Fee Calculation or Carry Forward Rules.

a. Rule 457(a).

For a fee calculated as specified in Rule 457(a) (§230.457(a) of this chapter), enter "457(a)".

b. Rule 457(f).

For a fee calculated as specified in Rule 457(f) (§230.457(f) of this chapter), enter "457(a)", "457(o)" or "Other", as applicable.

Separately disclose the amount and value of securities to be received by the registrant or cancelled upon the issuance of securities registered on this Form, and explain how the value was calculated in accordance with Rule 457(f)(1) and (2), as applicable. The explanation must include the value per share of the securities to be received by the registrant or cancelled upon the issuance of securities registered on this Form. Also disclose any amount of cash to be paid by the registrant in connection with the exchange or other transaction, and any amount of cash to be received by the registrant in connection with the exchange or other transaction. In accordance with Rule 457(f)(3), to determine the maximum aggregate offering price for such a transaction, the registrant should deduct any amount of cash to be paid by the registrant in connection with the exchange or other transaction from, and add any amount of cash to be received by the registrant in connection with the exchange or other transaction to, the value of the securities to be received or cancelled as calculated in accordance with Rule 457(f)(1) and (2), as applicable. Omit from the table the maximum offering price per unit.

c. Rule 457(o).

If relying on Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act (§230.457(o) of this chapter) to register securities on this Form by maximum aggregate offering price, enter "457(o)". You may omit from any such row the Amount Registered and the Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit.

d. Rule 457(u).

If an offering of an indeterminate amount of exchange-traded vehicle securities is being registered, enter "457(u)".

Separately, state that the registration statement covers an indeterminate amount of securities to be offered or sold and that the filing fee will be calculated and paid in accordance with Rule 456(d) and Rule 457(u) (§ 230.456(d) and § 230.457(u) of this chapter).

e. Other.

If relying on a rule other than Rule 457(a), (f), (o), or (u), enter "Other".

iii. Other Tabular Information.

Provide the following information in the table for each unique combination of security type and title of each class of securities to be registered as applicable:

1. The security type of the class of securities to be registered;
2. The title of the class of securities to be registered;
3. The amount of securities being registered expressed in terms of the number of securities, proposed maximum offering price per unit and resulting proposed maximum aggregate offering price, or, if the related filing fee is calculated in reliance on Rule 457(o), the proposed maximum aggregate offering price;

4. The fee rate; and
5. The registration fee.

iv. Pre-Effective Amendments.

If a pre-effective amendment is filed to concurrently (i) increase the amount of securities of one or more registered classes or add one or more new classes of securities; and (ii) decrease the amount of securities of one or more registered classes, a registrant that did not rely on Rule 457(o) to calculate the filing fee due for the initial filing or latest pre-effective amendment to such filing may recalculate the total filing fee due for the registration statement in its entirety and claim an offset pursuant to Rule 457(b) in the amount of the filing fee previously paid in connection with the registration statement. This recalculation procedure is not available, however, if a pre-effective amendment is filed only to increase the amount of securities of one or more registered classes or add one or more new classes. A pre-effective amendment that uses this recalculation procedure must include the revised offering amounts as securities to be registered for which filing fees have not already been paid in connection with the initial filing of this form or a pre-effective amendment for purposes of Table 1. If you use this recalculation procedure, separately disclose that you are using it and expressly reference this Instruction 2.A.iv.

B. Carry Forward Securities.

If relying on Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act (§230.415(a)(6) of this chapter) to carry forward to this registration statement unsold securities from an earlier registration statement, enter "415(a)(6)" in the table and provide, in a separate row for each registration statement from which securities are to be carried forward, and for each unique combination of security type and title of each class of securities to be carried forward, the following information:

1. The security type of the class of securities to be carried forward;
2. The title of the class of securities to be carried forward;
3. The amount of securities being carried forward expressed in terms of the number of securities (under the column heading "Amount Registered") and the amount of the maximum aggregate offering price, as specified in the fee table of the earlier filing, associated with those securities (under the column heading "Maximum Aggregate Offering Price") or, if the related filing fee was calculated in reliance on Rule 457(o), the amount of securities carried forward expressed in terms of the maximum aggregate offering price (under the column heading "Maximum Aggregate Offering Price");
4. The form type, file number, and initial effective date of the earlier registration statement from which the securities are to be carried forward; and
5. The filing fee previously paid in connection with the registration of the securities to be carried forward.

C. Totals.

i. Total Offering Amounts.

Provide the sum of the maximum aggregate offering price for both the newly registered and carry forward securities and the aggregate registration fee for the newly registered securities.

ii. Total Fees Previously Paid.

Provide the aggregate of registration fees previously paid for the newly registered securities.

iii. Total Fee Offsets.

Provide the aggregate of the fee offsets that are claimed in Table 2 pursuant to Instruction 3.

iv. Net Fee Due

Provide the difference between (a) the aggregate registration fee for the newly registered securities from the Total Offering Amounts row; and (b) the sum of (i) the aggregate of registration fees previously paid for the newly registered securities from the Total Fees Previously Paid row; and (ii) the aggregate fee offsets claimed from the Total Fee Offsets row.

3. Table 2: Fee Offset Claims and Sources.

A. Terminology.

For purposes of this Instruction 3 and Table 2, the term "submission" means any (i) initial filing of, or amendment (pre-effective or post-effective), to a fee-bearing document; or (ii) fee-bearing form of prospectus filed under Rule 424 under the Securities Act (§230.424 of this chapter), in all cases that was accompanied by a contemporaneous fee payment. For purposes of these instructions to Table 2, a contemporaneous fee payment is the payment of a required fee that is satisfied through the actual transfer of funds, and does not include any amount of a required fee satisfied through a claimed fee offset. Instructions 3.B.ii and 3.C.ii require a filer that claims a fee offset under Rule 457(b) or (p) under the Securities Act (§230.457(b) or (p) of this chapter) or Rule 0-11(a)(2) under the Exchange Act (§240.0-11(a)(2) of this chapter) to identify previous submissions with contemporaneous fee payments that are the original source to which the fee offsets claimed on this filing can be traced. See Instruction 3.D for an example.

B. Rules 457(b) and 0-11(a)(2).

If relying on Rule 457(b) under the Securities Act (§230.457(b) of this chapter) or Rule 0-11(a)(2) under the Exchange Act (§240.0-11(a)(2) of this chapter) to offset some or all of the filing fee due on this registration statement by amounts paid in connection with earlier filings (other than this Form S-1 unless pursuant to Instruction 2.A.iv) relating to the same transaction, provide the following information:

i. Fee Offset Claims.

For each earlier filed Securities Act registration statement or Exchange Act document relating to the same transaction from which a fee offset is being claimed, provide the information that Table 2 requires under the heading "Rules 457(b) and 0-11(a)(2)" for the line item "Fee Offset Claims". The "Fee Offset Claimed" column requires the dollar amount of the previously paid filing fee to be offset against the currently due fee.

Note to Instruction 3.B.i. If claiming an offset from a Securities Act registration statement, provide a detailed explanation of the basis for the claimed offset.

ii. Fee Offset Sources.

With respect to amounts claimed as an offset under Rule 457(b) or Rule 0-11(a)(2), identify those submissions with contemporaneous fee payments that are the original source to which those amounts can be traced. For each submission identified, provide the information that Table 2 requires under the heading "Rules 457(b) and 0-11(a)(2)" for the line item "Fee Offset Sources". The "Fee Paid with Fee Offset Source" column requires the dollar amount of the contemporaneous fee payment made with respect to each identified submission that is the source of the fee offset claimed pursuant to Rule 457(b) or 0-11(a)(2).

C. Rule 457(p).

If relying on Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act (§230.457(p) of this chapter) to offset some or all of the filing fee due on this registration statement with the filing fee previously paid for unsold securities under an earlier filed registration statement, provide the following information:

i. Fee Offset Claims.

For each such earlier filed registration statement from which the registrant is claiming a filing fee offset, provide the information Table 2 requires under the heading "Rule 457(p)" for the line item "Fee Offset Claims". The "Fee Offset Claimed" column requires the dollar amount of the previously paid filing fee to be offset against the currently due fee.

Notes to Instruction 3.C.i.

1. Provide a statement that the registrant has either withdrawn each prior registration statement or has terminated or completed any offering that included the unsold securities under the prior registration statements.
2. If you were not the registrant under the earlier registration statements, entering information under the heading "Rule 457(p)" pursuant to Instruction 3.C.i affirms that you are that registrant's successor, majority-owned subsidiary, or parent owning more than 50% of the registrant's outstanding voting securities eligible to claim a filing fee

offset. See the definitions of "successor" and "majority-owned subsidiary" in Rule 405 under the Securities Act (§230.405 of this chapter).

ii. Fee Offset Sources.

With respect to amounts claimed as an offset under Rule 457(p), identify those submissions with contemporaneous fee payments that are the original source to which those amounts can be traced. For each submission identified, provide the information Table 2 requires under the heading "Rule 457(p)" for the line item "Fee Offset Sources". The "Fee Paid with Fee Offset Source" column requires the dollar amount of the contemporaneous fee payment made with respect to each identified submission that is the source of the fee offset claimed pursuant to Rule 457(p).

D. Fee Offset Source Submission Identification Example.

A filer:

• Initially files a registration statement on Form S-1 on 1/15/20X1 (assigned file number 333-123456) with a fee payment of $10,000;
• Files pre-effective amendment number 1 to the Form S-1 (333-123456) on 2/15/20X1 with a fee payment of $15,000 and the registration statement goes effective on 2/20/20X1;
• Initially files a registration statement on Form S-1 on 1/15/20X4 (assigned file number 333-123467) with a fee payment of $25,000 and relies on Rule 457(p) to claim an offset of $10,000 related to the unsold securities registered on the previously filed Form S-1 (333-123456) and apply it to the $35,000 filing fee due and the registration statement goes effective on 2/15/20X4.
• Initially files a registration statement on Form S-1 (assigned file number 333-123478) on 1/15/20X7 with a fee payment of $15,000 and relies on Rule 457(p) to claim an offset of $30,000 related to the unsold securities registered on the most recently effective Form S-1 (333-123467) filed on 1/15/20X4 and apply it to the $45,000 filing fee due.

For the registration statement on Form S-1 with file number 333-123478 filed on 1/15/20X7, the filer can satisfy the submission identification requirement when it claims the $30,000 fee offset from the Form S-1 (333-123467) filed on 1/15/20X4 by referencing any combination of the Form S-1 (333-123467) filed on 1/15/20X4, the pre-effective amendment to the Form S-1 (333-123456) filed on 2/15/20X1 or the initial filing of the Form S-1 (333-123456) on 1/15/20X1 in relation to which contemporaneous fee payments were made equal to $30,000.

One example could be:

• the Form S-1 (333-123467) filed on 1/15/20X4 in relation to the payment of $25,000 made with that submission; and

• the pre-effective amendment to the Form S-1 (333-123456) filed on 2/15/20X1 in relation to the payment of $5,000 out of the payment of $15,000 made with that submission (it would not matter if the filer cited to this pre-effective amendment and/or the initial submission of this Form S-1 (333-123456) on 1/15/20X1 as long as singly or together they were cited as relating to a total of $5,000 in this example).

In this example, the filer could not satisfy the submission identification requirement solely by citing to the Form S-1 (333-123467) filed on 1/15/20X4 because even though the offset claimed and available from that filing was $30,000, the contemporaneous fee payment made with that filing ($25,000) was less than the offset being claimed. As a result, the filer must also identify a prior submission or submissions with an aggregate of contemporaneous fee payment(s) of $5,000 as the original source(s) to which the rest of the claimed offset can be traced.

4. Table 3: Combined Prospectuses.

If this Form includes a combined prospectus pursuant to Rule 429 under the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.429 of this chapter), provide the information that Table 3 requires for each earlier effective registration statement that registered securities that may be offered and sold using the combined prospectus. Include a separate row for each unique combination of security type and title of each class of those securities. The amount of securities previously registered that may be offered and sold using the combined prospectus must be expressed in terms of the number of securities (under column heading "Amount of Securities Previously Registered"), or, if the related filing fee was calculated in reliance on Rule 457(o), must be expressed in terms of the maximum aggregate offering price (under column heading "Maximum Aggregate Offering Price of Securities Previously Registered").

Note to Instruction 4. Table 1 should not include the securities registered on an earlier effective registration statement that may be offered and sold using the combined prospectus under Rule 429.

Item 17. Undertakings.

Furnish the undertakings required by Item 512 of Regulation S-K (§229.512 of this chapter).

Instructions.

1. The registration statement shall be signed by the registrant, its principal executive officer or officers, its principal financial officer, its controller or principal accounting officer and by at least a majority of the board of directors or persons performing similar functions. If the registrant is a foreign person, the registration statement shall also be signed by its authorized representative in the United States. Where the registrant is a limited partnership, the registration statement shall be signed by a majority of the board of directors of any corporate general partner signing the registration statement. If the securities to be registered on this Form will be issued by a special purpose acquisition company, as such term is defined in Item 1601 of Regulation S-K, or another shell company in connection with a de-SPAC transaction, as such term is defined in Item 1601 of Regulation S-K, the term "registrant" for purposes of this instruction and the Signatures section of this form also includes the target company, as such term is defined in Item 1601 of Regulation S-K, except that in connection with any de-SPAC transaction involving the purchase of assets or a business, with respect to the purchase of assets or a business, the term "registrant" also includes the seller of the business or assets.
2. The name of each person who signs the registration statement shall be typed or printed beneath his signature. Any person who occupies more than one of the specified positions shall indicate each capacity in which he signs the registration statement. Attention is directed to Rule 402 concerning manual signatures and to Item 601 of Regulation S-K concerning signatures pursuant to powers of attorney.

specified in paragraphs (e) and (f) above which would be required if the securities of such other issuer were registered on this Form.

4. The Commission may, upon the request of the registrant, and where consistent with the protection of investors, permit the omission of any of the information herein required or the furnishing in substitution therefor of appropriate information of comparable character. The Commission may also require the inclusion of other information in addition to, or in substitution for, the information herein required in any case where such information is necessary or appropriate for the protection of investors.